Notable Cases of Russian Espionage in the US

Sir Isaac Newton An Important Figure in Scientific History

Sir Isaac Newton History has been characterized by important discoveries made by the worlds scientists. These men and women are responsible for everything that has led humanity from the cave-dwelling Neanderthals of ancient times to the position that they hold today. Scientists are responsible for the wheel, for fire, for tools, for every single thing that people have come to accept as a part of existence. Without scientific investigation, people could not progress and society as a whole would not be able to develop. With each scientific discovery, the world at large improves and changes into a well-developed and universally intelligent entity. During times of growth, scientific inquiry has made large-scale progressions in short periods of time. In the 17th century, the world went through a period of Enlightenment, where scientific inquiry was praised and encouraged. With such a large number of individuals all advancing the population at the same time and encouraging one anothers inv estigations, it is not surprising that this was a time when a large number of important discoveries were made. Perhaps one of the most important scientific minds in world history was Sir Isaac Newton who was an important figure not only in his own time, but founded scientific principles which would affect human beings for the rest of time. The man who would become Sir Isaac Newton was born in England in 1643. He lost his father early and his mother remarried. The loss of a beloved fatherShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesNature and natures laws lay hid in night: God said, let Newton be! And all was light. - - Alexander Pope The Enlightenment characterizes a philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to analyze and scrutinize all previously accepted traditions and doctrines. Through this application of scientific method to all aspects of life, the role of science gradually replaced the role of religion. Sir Isaac Newton, quite possibly one of the most intelligent men to existRead More Sir Isaac Newtons Role in the Enlightenment Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages Isaac Newton had a huge impact on the Enlightenment, he influenced it scientifically in many ways and he influenced faith and reason in a tremendous way. He was known more for his scientific achievements then his religious works.His background and education affected when he made these great achievements. Isaac Newton born on December 25,1642 in Woolsthorpe, England grew up, he was the most important physicist and mathematician of all time.1 Newton attended Cambridge where he studied mathematicsRead MoreSir Isa ac Newton s Scientific Revolution2037 Words   |  9 PagesSir Isaac Newton, one of the leading figures of the scientific revolution, discovered numerous fundamental laws of physics. Here’s the catch--he started discovering them at just 23 years old! Isaac Newton’s scientific work throughout the 17th century impacted the modern world with a turning point in history that would change the way we deal with modern science and mathematics. Isaac Newton is often referred to as the â€Å"father of science,† an honorary name. Newton’s work has greatly impacted not onlyRead MoreThe Endless Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesSir Isaac Newton once said, â€Å"We build too many walls and not enough bridges.† Aside from his countless contributions to the worlds of math and science, this may be his most important quote because it is what he based his life on—building bridges of knowledge. Throughout his life he was devoted to e xpanding his and others knowledge past previously known realms. Often regarded of the father of calculus, Newton contributed many notable ideas and functions to the world through his creation of calculusRead MoreThe Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution1873 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract: Isaac Newton was the most influential figure of the scientific revolution. The scientific revolution brought attention to many figures, Copernicus and Galileo, but Newton is the scientist with most influential changes that that have changed how we think. His research and discovery of gravitation formula led to the scientific method. While that was his most famous discovery, he also had many findings in the mathematical field. Newton changed the way we think and his discovery on gravityRead MoreThe Enlightenment Essay999 Words   |  4 Pages During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the scientific revolution brought about a slow change in societies’ thinking regarding math, earth s cience, physics, and astronomy. Early on, new ideas about our universe were not widely accepted, especially from the church. This soon changed due to the hard work and perseverance of several scientists and philosophers who unbeknownst to them brought about an era known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment, which eased into existence in the seventeenthRead MoreThe Accomplishments Of Sir Isaac Newton711 Words   |  3 PagesSir Isaac Newton has been repeatedly portrayed since the last quarter of his life as practically peerless as a natural philosopher. Newton s achievements were unquestionably useful, diverse and exceptionally inspired (although not all of his work has endured or has been considered valuable1). Fara recounts contemporary, repeated declarations of his seemingly unbelievable genius from elite figures such as X and Voltaire2. This theme has continued in popular culture, mostly unchallenged, to the presentRead MoreThe Life and Times of Sir Isaac Newton Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesSir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 (based on the Gregorian calendar) in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. Growing up, he was never really close to his parents because his biological father died three months before he was born. Then, his mother remarried and le ft him to be raised by his grandparents. It was not until 1661, when Newton started studying at Cambridge University, that Newton took an interest in math and science. Then, in 1665, Newton was forced to go home because of anRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution Was Not An Organized Effort1276 Words   |  6 Pages(but it does move) said Galileo Galilei. (Koyre 1943) The scientific revolution marks a decisive break between the middle ages and the modern world, but it was rooted in earlier developments. It’s the link between observation, experiment, and invention. The scientific revolution was not an organized effort; theories sometimes led to a dead end and discoveries were often accidental. The scientific revolution left a permanent imprint upon history and from its legacy developed the colossal modern socialRead MoreMathematics Is That Of Pi ( ÃŽ   )1728 Words   |  7 Pagesyear 1425, a new approach for determining the value of Ï€ was developed by an Indian mathematic ian, Madhava of Sangamagrama, a technique using infinite series which allowed him to find Ï€ to 11 decimal places. With the discovery of Calculus by Sir Issac Newton and work from European mathematicians, such as James Gregory and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz led to the development of many infinite series for approximating Ï€. With the use of infinite products, mathematicians were able to find the value of Ï€

Police Operations Free Essays

Department Organization Paper â€Å"What if the structure of police organizations is shaped by factors beyond easy human contrivance, such as the size and age of the force, the degree of stability in the political environment, the complexity of governmental regulation, the geographical dispersion of the population, or the nature of police work itself† (Maguire 2003)? In this paper I will describe in detail various types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level and how each is organized, identify the principal roles and functions of police organizations and their role as it applies to the law, and also identify major organizational theories associated with policing. * There are many different types of police organizations that specifically deal with specific circumstances. On the other hand there are broad organizations that deal with a wider scope of jurisdiction and rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Operations or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will just touch on the major organization within police work at the local, state, and federal levels. The first organization (city and county) are the first level of policing. Moreover, these agencies have municipal police, county police, and the county sheriffs. (Wikipedia 2010) â€Å"The Municipal police are law enforcement agencies that are under the control of local government. Their powers are delegated by legislation or directives by higher levels of government† (para. 3). They receive pay by local budgets and have fewer rights than that of state police.Municipal police are generally a part of law enforcement that acts more of a deterrent, only limited by the by the equipment that they carry. They can range from one officer agencies to our own Sacramento PD. The next police organization is state, which includes the state police and bureaus of criminal investigation. State police are controlled by the state supreme courts and are directed by state codes of criminal procedure that define what police must do and what they may not do. â€Å"The most important role of state governments has been to require the licensing or certification of all sworn officers† (Walker and Katz 2008, para. 02). State police have state wide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and also criminal investigations. They perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff. Some of their duties include, but are not limited to; enforcing traffic laws on state and interstate highways, protecting the governor, provide technological and scientific support services and help to coordinate with other jurisdictions in aiding serious cases. Another service is the highway patrol that patrols the highways for any infractions concerning traffic and safety. Other state police agencies such as the Bureaus of Investigation (State Detectives), Bureau of Narcotics (Drug Enforcement), Department of Public Safety (provide oversight and coordination over various state level police agencies), and also Marine Patrol (water police), are amongst state patrols. All these agencies have state wide jurisdiction governed by the state supreme courts rule. The last level police organization is the federal government. (Walker and Katz 2008) states, â€Å"The role of each federal agency is specified by federal statute. In important respects, federal agencies have far less complex role than that of municipal agencies.Federal agents do not have the ambiguous and difficult order maintenance responsibilities, do not maintain 911 emergency telephone services, and are not asked to handle vague disturbance calls† (para. 61). â€Å"Federal Law Enforcement Officers are authorized to enforce various laws not only at the federal level, but also state, county, and local in many circumstances† (Wikipedia 2010). There are numerous federal agencies such as, Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, or Department of Energy to just name a few.All federal agencies are limited by the U. S. Code, but because of the USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001), federal power has broadened in scope. As (Grant and Terry 2008) state, â€Å"researchers have found four main theories or explanations. The first Psychological theories, argue that core attitudes are formed before the individual enters the police force and are a function of such things as family background, social status, and prior education. Next, Educational theories, state that core attitudes are acquired during police training and early years on the street and are passed on to recruits by older, more experienced police officers. Also, Sociological theories, state that police attitudes are shaped by the daily demands of police work and reflect the â€Å"working culture† of policing. Lastly, Organizational theories, argues that police attitudes and values are shaped by the organizational and working culture of policing and the demands placed upon officers by their police colleagues† (p. 223). Whether officers exhibit similar personality traits and the extent to which hese are caused by predisposing factors or a socialization into the police culture is the subject of many diverse explanations: psychological, educational, sociological, and organizational. ‘The influence of historical factors on officer perceptions of suspiciousness must also be considered in discussing the origins of police culture. Pol ice are in many ways a reflection of the larger societal force in which they are embedded† (Grant and Terry 2008, p. 235).References * Grant, B. amp; Terry, J. (2008). â€Å"Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, (2th)† Retrieved from: https://ecampus. phoenix. du/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=08c377a1-ea3a-4b46-be5d-363667e36f97amp;assetDataId=86388622-06ef-4ecb-a9bb-bd30d479b2a2 Maguire, E. (2003). â€Å"Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies† Retrieved from: http://books. google. com/books? id=nJtIrM_rtbsCamp;dq=police+departments+organizationamp;printsec=frontcoveramp;source=inamp;hl=enamp;ei=UITlTO-XEIf0swPBlMCxCwamp;sa=Xamp;oi=book_resultamp;ct=resultamp;resnum=11amp;sqi=2amp;ved=0CGQQ6AEwCg#v=onepageamp;q=police%20departments%20organizationamp;f=false Wikipedia, (2010) Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police * * B. amp; Terry, J. (2008). â€Å"Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, (2th)† Retrieved from: https://ecampus. phoenix. du/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=08c377a1-ea3a-4b46-be5d-363667e36f97amp;assetDataId=86388622-06ef-4ecb-a9bb-bd30d479b2a2 Maguire, E. (2003). â€Å"Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies† Retrieved from: http://books. google. com/books? id=nJtIrM_rtbsCamp;dq=police+departments+organizationamp;printsec=frontcoveramp;source=inamp;hl=enamp;ei=UITlTO-XEIf0swPBlMCxCwamp;sa=Xamp;oi=book_resultamp;ct=resultamp;resnum=11amp;sqi=2amp;ved=0CGQQ6AEwCg#v=onepageamp;q=police%20departments%20organizationamp;f=false Wikipedia, (2010) Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police * * How to cite Police Operations, Papers